The first binary system Essay Example

The first binary system Essay This essay will look at the history of computers, beginning from Stonehenge and going right through to today. It will look at what the future holds for the world of computing and I will try to determine the start of this particular technology. It will go on to discuss the computers of today and more importantly what the future holds for computers. I will try to briefly out line the history of the computer, presenting my findings chronologically. The continuous progression of the computer has lead us to the advanced machines they are today and offer us an insight into the pattern of future developments. Throughout the essay I will include information from a number of different resources, which I will use to explain and analyse my findings. I have traced the first findings of computer science back to many years ago when man still dwelled in caves. The religious and animalistic traditions of early man required instruments to calculate particular religious dates. From this Shamanistic traditions man created a primitive calculating device, counting notches on sticks or marks on walls. This primitive technique evolved and big Stonehenge structures were erected, these can still be seen today in Salisbury England. The enormous structures are today monuments of mans desire to calculate and compute information. Over on the other side of the globe in china the abacus was born. The abacus aided the calculation process and therefore must be considered a computing device. The way the abacus works shares similarities with the dictionaries definition of a computer. This is the place value notion and the retrieve and store method mentioned in the dictionary. Twelve centuries later, an 18-year-old taxpayers son invented a numerical wheel to help his father calculate tax. The device was called a Pacaline named after its creator. The problem with the Pascalator is that it could only be repaired by Pascaline. This resulted in job loss and techno phobia which still occurs today. The device was later improved and can still be found today in water meters and modern day odometers. We will write a custom essay sample on The first binary system specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The first binary system specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The first binary system specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The real beginning of the computer as we know them today is a result of the English mathematician Charles Babbage. He hoped there would one day be an automated computer powered by steam. It was never constructed, but outlined the elements of the modern day general-purpose computer. Babbages computer was a real analytical engine, it had built in control and allowed instructions to be represented in specific order, rather then numerical order. An American inventor set a task to create a faster computer using the jacquard loom concept. The computing process used cards to store dates, this differed from previous methods, which used cards to instruct the computer. This system enabled the computer to work faster, store more information, and resulted in fewer errors. The creator Hollerith brought his machine, known as the punch card reader, in to the business world. The company later became the International Business Machine or IBM. The punch card system become very popular in the 60s and was used by business and the government. Holleriths machine was limited to certain tabulation and could not accommodate more complex forms. The first binary system was developed by a German in 1941. The binary system was a programmable computer design composed of zeros and ones. The binary representation proved important in the design of modern day computers.  The punch card machine became so well established and reliable, that Howard Aiken collaborated with the engineers at IBM and refined the IBMs standard automated computer to build the Howard Mark 1. The Mark 1 remained in use until 1959, even thought other machines had surpassed it in performance. It provided vital calculations for the navy in world war two. Meanwhile over in Great Britain a mathematician named Alan turning wrote a paper called Computable numbers. Alan Turnings paper described a hypothetical device that presaged programmable computers. The Turning machine was designed to perform logical operations and could read, write, or erase symbols that were written on squares of a infinite paper tape. The purpose of turnings paper was not to invent a computer but rather to describe problems that are logically possible to solve. Turnings hypothetical machine has characteristics that resemble modern day computers. The hypothetical machines memory allows it to read, write, and erase data, just like modern day RAM. Back in America the Havard Mark 1 was highly successful opening doors for further developments by Americans computer giants. The second contribution to the computing world was the ENIAC or electrical Numerical integrator. ENIAC is generally considered to be the first successful high speed digital computer and was used from 1946 to 1955.

Forced sales and house prices essay

Forced sales and house prices essay Forced sales and house prices essay Forced sales and house prices essayIn order to analyze the predictability of real estate prices and the factors shaping these prices, it is necessary to determine the type of competition in real estate market. A model market is a perfectly competitive market such a market which has the maximal level of competition. The characteristics of a perfectly competitive market include perfect knowledge, the absence of time lags or information failures, the absence of entry barriers, homogenous units of output, a large number of firms in the industry, the absence of externalities and the absence of the need for government regulation (Mettling Cusic, 2014).In terms of real estate market, the assumptions of a perfectly competitive market do not hold. In particular, the output of houses significantly differs basing on the presence or absence of people living there; houses significantly vary in characteristics, so products are not homogenous; the barriers to entry are high due to regulations and high building costs (Campbell, Giglio Pathak, 2011). Therefore, the real estate market is rather characterized by monopolistic competition than by perfect competition (Mettling Cusic, 2014).The determinants of supply and demand of real estate properties are diverse. Supply is influenced by the costs of development and the costs of labor, returns on investment, availability of capital, community planning and availability of space, government regulations and policies (Mettling Cusic, 2014). Real estate demand determinants differ basing on the categories of demand. It is possible to identify three key categories of demand: residential, commercial and agricultural (Mettling Cusic, 2014).In the context of this paper, real estate demand is largely viewed as residential demand. It is driven by such factors as quality of neighborhood, availability of infrastructure, access to services, dwelling amenities and their costs. In particular, perception of he neighborhood and the presence of foreclosures might notably impact real estate prices (Campbell, Giglio Pathak, 2011). In general, real estate prices are associated with numerous moderately predictable factors, but the variety of these factors and the subjectivity of some factors reduces the accuracy of predictions.If real estate demand exceeds real estate supply, there emerge conditions for a housing bubble. It takes place when consumers strongly expect housing prices to rise and invest heavily into real estate. The causes of such demand increases are economic revival, demographic boost, low interest rates, easy access to capital, lack of financial literacy among buyers, high-risk mortgage practices and speculative behaviors of real estate market participants (Campbell, Giglio Pathak, 2011).It is also important to consider factors determining the duration of the propertys stay on the market. The key factor is the relation between the average price of such real estate objects and the target object: the more the o bject is overpriced, the longer it will stay on the market. Other microeconomic factors influencing buyer and seller choices are competition (the supply of homes with similar characteristics in the target area), selling costs, selling conditions, urgency of buying and selling (Campbell, Giglio Pathak, 2011). With regard to macroeconomic factors, the key factors are the availability of financing, relevant regulations and the dynamics of real estate market in the considered area. Therefore, it is possible to state that the direction of real estate price change is predictable, but since it depends on a variety of factors including several subjective and demographics-driven factors, the predictions might rather be presented as ranges of values than precise real estate prices.

Mentorship Preparation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Mentorship Preparation - Essay Example In this paper, we would be discussing on the nurse mentoring a patient in a sexual health clinic. Integration of the mentor's role into the health care system has increased access to comprehensive health care in combination with the fulfillment of the client's need for prescription medications (Bailey, 1999; Le Bar, 1986). In the UK, resourcing issues such as a reduced number of doctors and the demand for the delivery of cost effective care, have led to plans to extend the role of mentors into prescribing as a potential way of meeting these demands. Nurses may teach individual clients in one-to-one teaching episodes. For example the nurse may teach about wound care while changing a client's dressing or may teach about diet, exercise, and other lifestyle behaviors that minimize the risk of a heart attack for a client who has a cardiac problem. The nurse may also be involved in teaching family members or other support people who are caring for the client. Nurses working in obstetric and pediatric areas teach parents and sometimes grandparents how to care for children. Because of decreased length of hospital stays, time constraints on client education may occur. Nurses need to provide client education that will ensure the client's safe transition from one level of care to another and make appropriate plans for follow-up education in the client's home. Discharge plans must include both information about what the client has been taught before transfer or discharge and what remains for the client to learn to perform self-care in the home or other residence. Nurses are often involved in community health education programs. Such teaching activities may be voluntary as part of the nurse's involvement in an organization such as the Red Cross or Planned Parenthood, or they may be compensated as part of the nurse's work role. Community teaching activities may be aimed at large groups of people who have an interest in some aspect of health, such as nutrition classes, CPR or cardiac risk factor reduction classes, and bicycle or swimming safety programs. Community education programs can also be designed for small groups or individual learners such as childbirth classes or family planning classes. Nurses are also involved in the instruction of professional colleagues. Nurses in nursing practice settings are often involved in the clinical instruction of nursing students. Experienced nurses may function as preceptors for new graduate nurses or for newly employed nurses. Nurses with specialized knowledge and experience may share that knowledge and experience with nurses who are new to that practice area (Courteney & Butler, 1999). Such specialized courses include acute care nursing, perioperative nursing and quality improvement/quality assurance. Nurses may also be involved in teaching other health professionals. Nurses may participate in the education of medical students or allied health students. In this capacity, the nurse educator is often clarifying the role of the nurse for other health professionals or how the nurse can assist them in their care of the client. The nurse may also teach health care colleagues knowledge or skills that are considered the domain of nursing. For a nurse who acts as a mentor, the areas for client education (NICE, 2002) include, promotion of health, increasing a person's level of wellness, growth and development topics, fertility control, hygiene, nutrition, exercise,